A Poem for Black Hearts by Amiri Baraka Essay

The poem A Poem for Black Hearts by Amiri Baraka is written in free verse and is consisting of 27 lines which, in a way construct and epitomize an image of Malcolm X. The poem commemorates him and his stature as the â€Å"black god of our time† while subsequently persuading African American men to continue the fight for civil rights. Malcolm’s essence is made fragmented by the speaker for each part of his body is given high significance so as to create an image of a fallen leader who became an icon for all black men. At the same time as the poem is not only for those who have black hearts, as it is also intended to be for Malcolm’s eyes which have the capability to break the â€Å"face of some dumb white man† by challenging his authority. The speaker emphasizes that the poem is also for Malcolm’s words, which were described and symbolically renamed ‘fire darts’ to emulate that his flaming words including the rhetoric of war and were carefully aimed at the enemy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The speaker feels that Malcolm was assassinated, believing that Malcolm was murdered for voicing out his outrage against racism and encouraging the people to conduct political action when it is deemed necessary. In addition, the poem is for Malcolm’s heart, for his love for his fellow black men and his pleas for the African American dignity, life, and education. Finally, the poem is intended to be for all of those people like him [Malcolm] who are dead and all of him remembered which clings to African American political and cultural rhetoric.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The speaker incites that he intended his readers particularly the black men to quit â€Å"stuttering and shuffling†, â€Å"whining and stooping† and to â€Å"look up†. Instead of accepting their defeat, black men should raise their heads with dignity and see Malcolm as their greatest example of African American pride, masculinity, and political activism. In the closing lines, the speaker, challenges the black men to â€Å"let nothing in [them] rest† until Malcolm’s death has taken vengeance. He furthers his promise of retribution by showing his word of honor as that â€Å"if we fail to avenge Malcolm’s death, let us never breathes a pure breath.† At this point, the speaker wanted the black men to look deeper into Malcolm’s eyes, words, heart, and dignity as well as his desire to change the world so that the voices of black men can continue to speak and act within the space Malcolm helped create.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, Michael S. Harper’s public elegy entitled Dear John, Dear Coltrane serves as an elegy to a jazz musician and the legacy which he was able to share through his music. The poem mimics the form of Coltrane’s jazz novelty through depicting his image of bodily death. The elegy focuses on the man’s death and the progress of his music from immediate and alive to reproduced and commodified from the time of his permanent absence. The poem undermines the communication that venerates John Coltrane’s music by making it a big issue whether or not there is a possibility that music of a dead person will serve as an aesthetic to the black’s culture. The poem uses bodily and at the same time cultural images of reproduction calls and attention which later leads to the creation and reproduction of jazz.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poem focuses on the physical image to bring Coltrane’s jazz to another venue while still squarely within the body. In the line â€Å"Sex fingers toes,† the speaker uses the word sex which may be connoted to have a double meaning. This should be read as both the act and the genitalia to bring into line the body with the sexuality embodied by jazz music. Sex as genitalia can be connected later on through out the poem: â€Å"There is no substitute for pain/genitals gone or going,/seed burned out.† The speaker here shows how genitals failed to connect with the music, with the pain that could have produce both movement and desire. The bodily pain which speaks of slavery can also be seen: â€Å"turn back, and move/ by river through swamps.† The pain of having been slaves, which eventually led to their attempt of escaping through the swamps of the south, is comparable to the pain from which the blues stems. Thus, the poem connects the blues with all of its ties to slavery and a specific African American aesthetic. The end of the poem shows the end of Coltrane’s life and tells the bodily experience of dying which later proved to be too great for Coltrane to produce jazz.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem, the movement of the music with the help of the radio clearly shows the people’s movement to being slaves towards their freedom. This represents the new route to the people’s ultimate freedom however, that route will always go back to the musician and his music. As it created links between jazz as a mode for liberation, it elegizes the death of a man who created jazz. The poem builds a relationship between Coltrane’s reproductive organs and his creation of jazz. The poem eulogizes the musician himself, not only â€Å"Dear Coltrane† (the music) but also â€Å"Dear John† (the man). Without the man, the figure of the body, even jazz as revolutionary as Coltrane’s remains an empty aesthetic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More so, Wilfred Owen’s Anthem for Doomed Youth, which is connoted to be a modern elegy, maintains the aspects of ancient an elegy which is composed of both personification and lamentation. The author also uses the conventional form of a pastoral elegy rather than adapting the epic form in writing his poem. Owen also describes that the prayers and church bells as â€Å"mockeries† and directly imply that no matter how grand, immortalizing or well attended a funeral ceremony is this will not be able, in any way, to bring back the dead. This opposes the former known form of elegy which is called the pastoral elegy, which attempts to immortalize the dead, either through words or through divine imagery. The audience cannot be consoled with merely the hope of immortalization and bringing back the dead on some distant plane of human thought. Rather than to personify the nature of mourn the deceased, Owen uses the sound of falling shells to create an image of sorrow. These shells are causing death, so it is strange that they should mourn for the dead as well. Owen personifies machines in the course of the poem instead, and these machines cannot alleviate grief since they are the ones which caused it. The speaker in the poem implies no difference between weapon and life because neither among the mentioned can mourn the dead for us. The words used in the course of the poem is different from the other elegies in different types since it uses more of the most known and colloquial forms to better emulate the feeling of sorrow and lamentation. With this, a new meaning in showing grief was reshaped and was alleviated from the former connotation of such. Gendered elegy American History written by Michael Harper is a short yet dramatic kind of elegy that speaks about the fate of four black little girls who died in a church in Alabama. Through them, the author is reminded of the fate of a hundred more others who are keeping their selves away from the real world in the fear of being caught dead without giving their untimely death any justification. Most of them, according to the author, are in strict hiding and is always operating in groups. This situation was enlivened even if there are only nine lines composing the entire poem; the meaning that the author would want to speak about is clearly spoken. With only that number of lines, the author was not deprived of the freedom to express his thoughts and his genuine intention in writing the said piece. This poem would also want to mimic the situation of the blacks then in the United States where it is vocal on the oppression and inhumane treatment being accorded to them because of their color and race. It does not show much lamentation and sorrow due to the lost of the four black girls but the more visible meaning of it is the fear of other black people to be caught in the same incident as that of the little girls. Meanwhile, modern elegy transforms grief in a new way of interpreting it. It has reshaped personification that is free form writing style, the awareness of the inability to immortalize any person who has been dead and blatant refusal to mourn shows how difficult coping with sorrow over the loss of a loved one can be. This illuminates the intention being shed away by the traditional form of elegy which mimics the scream of anger and denial towards grief over a loss of a person and that acceptance of the said irreversible loss. This kind of elegy is something that transforms the vision of the audience from being sorrowful to somehow a better feeling and acceptance over the lost of someone whom they love the most. This is because of the choice of words that was used in order to come up with the entire poem. Work Cited O’CLAIR;, JAHAN. The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003.   

Daoism

Beginnings and History The history of Daoism can befittingly be separated into four periods: Proto-Daoism, Classical Daoism, Modern Daoism and Contemporary Daoism. The first period, Proto-Daoism, spans the time from antiquity all the way to the 2nd century C. E. The intention behind this period being called â€Å"proto-Daoism† is that we have no information of any official Daoist religious organizations at this time. The classic works that were inscribed in the course of this period, the Daode jing and the Zhuangzi in particular, they were highly significant upon the flourishing of the classical Daoist tradition.Many textbooks on world religions still take this period as representing the essence of Daoism. This is simply an dull-witted and ambiguous interpretation of the m, entire history of Daoism. The second period, that of classical Daoist religion, starts in 142 C. E. when Zhang Daoling established the Way of the Celestial Masters, also known as the Way of Orthodox Unity, the first successful organized Daoist religious system. Daoist priests today claim to be ordained in a lineage that stretches back to this original founder.Two other important movements developed later during this period of classical Daoist religion: the Way of Highest Clarity (Shangqing Daoism) and the Way of Numinous Treasure (Lingbao Daoism). This period, between the 2nd and the 7th centuries can be called the classical period because scholars of Daoism look back to this time (known also as the medieval period of Chinese history) as the era in which many Daoist practices, texts and rituals initially took shape. Also during this period, Buddhism was brought to China by missionaries from India and Tibet.Buddhist ideas and practices were absorbed into Daoism (and vice-versa) but there were also periods of intense rivalry between Daoists and Buddhists. The classical period of Daoism ends with the Tang dynasty (618-906), one of the high-points of Chinese civilisation from the point of view of the development of art and culture. During the Tang dynasty Daoism became fully integrated with the imperial court system particularly under the reign of the Xuanzong Emperor (713-756). During this time Daoism functioned as the official religion of the imperial court and exerted complete supremacy over Buddhism.The period of modern Daoism begins with the Song Dynasty (960-1279), during which time the boundaries between elite Daoist religion, Buddhism, and local cults begin to be increasingly blurred. Based on the syncretism that began in this period, it becomes increasingly difficult to separate out Daoism as a religious category from the popular Chinese religious culture as it functions on the ground. In terms of elite Daoism, however, the most significant event was the founding of the Way of Complete Perfection (Quanzhen dao) by Wang Zhe (1113-1170).The Way of Complete Perfection is the major monastic form of Daoism that exists to this day alongside the more community-bas ed priesthood of the celestial masters. The Way of Complete Perfection is devoted to the practice of internal alchemy, in which the energies of the body are refined through breathing and other forms of meditation into ever subtler forms, thus promoting longevity and even, in a few rare cases, the possibility of totally transcending the ordinary finitudes of human existence.The Way of Complete Perfection is also marked by its aim to â€Å"harmonise the three teachings† of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, and became highly influential under the Mongol Yuan dynasty after Wang Zhe's disciple Qiu Changchun (1148-1227) underook a three-year journey to the court of the Mongol warlord, Chinggis Khan. Despite the rhetoric of harmonization, further acrimonious debates with Buddhists developed at this time, and when the Daoists lost a series of these debates in1281 many Daoist texts were burned.Despite this setback, Daoism flourished during the subsequent Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and the year 1445 saw the compilation of the Daoist Canon (Daozang), a compendium of some 1,500 Daoist texts, under the patronage of the Yongle Emperor. In the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) Daoist ideas and practices became more entrenched in popular religious culture.Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that we have better historical evidence of the way popular religion functioned since many popular Daoist morality texts were published and the practice of Daoist-inspired arts such as Taiji quan (Tai Chi) and Qigong (Ch'i-kung) became increasingly widespread. The fourth period, since 1949, has been a near-total catastrophe for Daoism, particularly during the period of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76) when many Daoist temples were destroyed and the overt functioning of the religion to all intents and purposes ceased to exist in mainland China.Since 1980 Daoism has begun to be practiced openly again in China and a new generation of Daoists are struggling to rebuild their temples and recover their tradition. On the other hand, through the emigration of many Chinese people across the world, Daoist temples have been established in Europe, the Americas and elsewhere and many popular Daoist practices such as Qigong and Taiji quan (Tai-chi) have taken root in the West. Until recently it was not certain that Daoism had survived this cataclysmic upheaval, but the study and practice of Daoism is beginning to flourish once again in China and throughout the world.Beliefs The primary belief is in learning and practicing â€Å"The Way† (Dao) which is the ultimate truth to the universe. The Dao has several meanings. It is the basis of all living things, it governs nature, and it is a method to live by. Daoists do not believe in extremes, instead focusing on the interdependence of things. There is no total good or evil or negative and positive. The Yin-Yang symbol exemplifies this view. The black represents the Yin the white represents the Yang. Yin is als o associated with weakness and passivity and Yang with strength and activity.The symbol shows that within the Yang there exists the Yin and vice versa. All nature is the balance between the two. Daoist beliefs have undergone a series of changes in its history. In the 2nd Century the Shangqing school of Daoism emerged that focused on meditation, breathing and recitation of verses. This was the dominant practice of Daoism until about 1,100 AD. In the 5th Century AD, the Lingbao school emerged which borrowed much from Buddhist teachings such as reincarnation and cosmology. The use of talismans and the practice of alchemy were also associated with the Lingbao school.This school of thought was eventually absorbed into the Shangqing school during the Tang Dynasty. In the 6th Century, Zhengyi Daoists, who believed in protective talismans and rituals, emerged. Zhengyi Daoists performed offering rituals for showing thanks and the retreat ritual that includes repentance recitations and abstin ence. This school of Daoism is still popular today. Around 1254, Daoist priest Wang Chongyang developed the Quanzhen school of Daoism. This school of thought used meditation and breathing to promote longevity, many are also vegetarian.The Quanzhen school also further combines the three main Chinese teachings of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism. Due to the influence of this school, by the late Song Dynasty (960-1279) many of the lines between Daoism and other religions were blurred. The Quanzhen school is also still prominent today. Another key component of Daoism is the De, which is the manifestation of the Dao in all things. De is defined as having virtue, morality and integrity. Historically, the highest achievement of a Daoist is to achieve immortality through breathing, meditation, helping others and the use of elixirs.In early Daoist practices, priests experimented with minerals to find an elixir for immortality, laying the groundwork for ancient Chinese chemistry. One of thes e inventions was gunpowder, which was discovered while searching for an elixir. Daoists believe that influential Daoists are transformed into immortals who help guide others. Tao, originally, meant ‘road' and then implied ‘to rule' and ‘principle'. Lao Zi used Tao to propound his ideological system; therefore his school of thinking is called Taoism. At the time Lao Zi created this religion, it was simply a school of philosophy.During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became a religion. Tao is the origin of the eternal world. It is boundless in time and space. Ordinary people can become gods when they have Tao. This religion pursues immortality and preservation of health; its uttermost goal is to become an immortal being. This can be obtained through cultivating one's moral character and perfecting one's moral integrity. A Taoist phrase is to say an ordinary man can become immortal if he does good 3,000 times and accomplishes 800 exploits. Of course the number is symbolic .It requires people to do good without making it known to others as the gods will know it naturally, much like the Christian principle expressed in Matthew 6:3-4, â€Å"But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, so that your alms may be done in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. † At certain dates, food may be set out as a sacrifice to the spirits of the deceased or the gods, such as during the Qingming Festival. This may include slaughtered animals, such as pigs and ducks, or fruit.Another form of sacrifice involves the burning of Joss paper, or Hell Bank Notes, on the assumption that images thus consumed by the fire will reappear—not as a mere image, but as the actual item—in the spirit world, making them available for revered ancestors and departed loved ones. At other points, a vegan diet or full fast may be observed. Also on particular holidays, street parades take place. These are lively a ffairs which invariably involve firecrackers and flower-covered floats broadcasting traditional music.They also variously include lion dances and dragon dances; human-occupied puppets (often of the â€Å"Seventh Lord† and â€Å"Eighth Lord†); tongji ( â€Å"spirit-medium; shaman†) who cut their skin with knives; Bajiajiang, which are Kungfu-practicing honor guards in demonic makeup; and palanquins carrying god-images. The various participants are not considered performers, but rather possessed by the gods and spirits in question. Fortune-telling—including astrology, I Ching, and other forms of divination—has long been considered a traditional Taoist pursuit. Mediumship is also widely encountered in some sects.There is an academic and social distinction between martial forms of mediumship (such as tongji) and the spirit-writing that is typically practiced through planchette writing Daoism Today The Taijitu (â€Å"yin and yang†) symbol as well as the Ba gua (â€Å"Eight Trigrams†) are connected with Daoist symbolism. While almost all Daoist societies make use of the yin and yang symbol, one could also call it Confucian, Neo-Confucian or pan-Chinese. The yin and yang make an â€Å"S† shape, with yin (Black or Red) on the right. One is likely to see this symbol as beautifications on Daoist organization flags and logos, temple floors, or stitched into clerical robes.In accordance Song Dynasty sources, it originated around the 10th century. Previously, yin and yang were symbolized by a tiger and dragon. A zigzag with seven stars is sometimes displayed, representing the Big Dipper (or the Bushel, the Chinese equivalent). In the Shang Dynasty the Big Dipper was considered a deity, while during the Han Dynasty, it was considered a qi path of the circumpolar god, Taiyi. Daoist temples in southern China and Taiwan may often be identified by their roofs, which feature Chinese dragons and phoenix made from multi-color ed ceramic tiles. They also stand for the harmony of yin and yang (with the phoenix being yin).A related symbol is the flaming pearl which may be seen on such roofs between two dragons, as well as on the hairpin of a Celestial Master. In general though, Chinese Taoist architecture has no universal features that distinguish it from other structures. Daoist temples may fly square or triangular flags. They typically feature mystical writing or diagrams and are intended to fulfill various functions including providing guidance for the spirits of the dead, to bring good fortune, increase life span, etc. Other flags and banners may be those of the gods or immortals themselves.Today Taoism is mainly practiced in China and Taiwan. It has also spread to other parts of Asia and even around the world. There are about 20 million followers worldwide–most of them living in Taiwan. About 30,000 North Americans practice Taoism. The Chinese government has tried to suppress Taoism (severely at times in the past), but its teachings and practices still thrive and remain strong†¦ One thing that keeps Taoism popular is its flexibility–it almost isn't a religion, but a philosophy. Most followers practice Taoism in conjunction with Confucianism, Buddhism, and other religions.Many Chinese practice a mix of Confucianism and Taoism. Evangelization to Daoism Daoist are very involved in their own historic culture much like most other religions, things have always been a certain way for them, so they are comfortable in dealing with the â€Å"Dao† and in saying what’s life is life. Which brings a hard pint top bring across when a Christian makes it their goal to show a Daoist that there is value to life, and things do not simply happen for no reason. Many Christians, including me before this class, have no connection with Daoism like they would with Islam or Buddhism.But with 30 million followers Daoism is making a name for itself in the religious world. Dao ist are far opposites from extremist, believing that is simply no evil and no good. So with a start I think as a Christian you have to hear them out and understand their beliefs as to why there is no good or why there is no evil. Otherwise it will just come across as you attacking them and having no care for their soul, and just talking to prove wrong. Once you are comfortable with one another, it’s your turn! You begin to show the good things in the world, and explain how they came to be and how God had a hand in all of it.Now I know this won’t work for every single individual you come across, but any reasonable person will give you a shot and that is all our God needs! Bibligraphy Littlejohn, Ronnie. Daoism: An Introduction. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009. Print. Palmer, David A. , and Xun Liu. Daoism in the Twentieth Century: Between Eternity and Modernity. Berkeley, CA: Global, Area, and International Archive, University of California, 2012. Print. â€Å"The Canon of Reason and Virtue. † (Tao Te Ching) Index. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. â€Å"China and the Chinese. † From Project Gutenberg. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.

Alternatives to Incarceration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternatives to Incarceration - Assignment Example Moreover, many a time juvenile offenders get involved in violent crimes in prison facilities that curtail their capacity and potential for rehabilitation (Coyle, 2005). An alternative to incarceration pertains to any punishment that can be extended to a juvenile offender, rather than confining one to prison. Over the years the community based alternatives to juvenile incarceration have shown much promise. Community corrections happen to be one such alternative which allows the juvenile offenders to remain within the community while putting limits to their freedom and the opportunities accessible to them (Jacobson, 2005). While being in the community corrections the juvenile offenders could be extended the possibility of probation tied to varied strict and stringent requirements like reporting diligently and punctually to a probation officer, remaining confined to one’s home during specific parts of the day, staying off drugs and attending substance abuse and mental health associated programs. The community based facilities have evinced much promise going by the fact that only 8 percent of the juvenile offenders in Missouri show recidivism on ce they are admitted to the community based programs (Gottesman, 2011). Community service is one other viable option to incarcerating the juvenile offenders. Community service could also be made to be a viable condition to probation or it could be used as an alternative to paying fines (Jacobson, 2005). Since the first three years of introducing the community service alternatives, the state of Illinois has saved almost $18.7 million (Gottesman, 2011). Community service involves making the offender dedicate oneself to some sort of unpaid work or service for a nonprofit or community organization. Mental health courts and drug courts are other alternatives to juvenile incarceration. Such courts

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy - Research Paper Example Men are known to be affected by this condition to a greater extent as compared to the females (Golbe and Ohman-Strickland, 2007). Clinical Presentation The PSP encompasses distinguishing mild dementia, lack of memory, sluggishness of contemplation procedure, poignant or behavior modifications encompassing lethargy or hopelessness with infrequent outbreaks or petulance and weaken capability to maneuver attained information, the condition leads to subcortical dementia, the characteristic feature of PSP. The clinical features include parkinsonism, though with rigidity in extension rather than flexion and tremor is usually minimal. In addition there must be a supranuclear paralysis of eye movements, usually downgaze for the appropriate diagnosis. These features are accompanied by pyramidal signs and cognitive impairment. The condition belongs to the family of taupathies and engross both cortical and subcortical structures (Stamelou et al, 2010). PSP is a symmetric, akinetic-rigid syndrom e, frontal shortfalls, postural instability as well as falls. Early gait interruption with sub-zero, micrographia and hypophonia comprise an additional deviation entitled pure akinesia with gait freezing (Williams and Lee, 2009). Observations reveal that in case of progressive supranuclear palsy, cortical lesions play an imperative role in highlighting the symptoms and signs of the disease. The patient thus presents supranuclear opthalmoplegia. Apart from these features, additional clinical characteristics involve, progressive asymmetric dystonia, apraxia and cortical sensory loss (PSP-corticobasal syndrome) (Josephs et al, 2005). The heterogeneity of the medical management emerges to trail distinction in the anatomical allocation of diverse, PSP-specific histopathological amendments (Willians and Lees, 2009). These features are supported with retrospective neuropathological research. Neuropathology Neuropathologically, PSP is defined as an accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles an d thereby loss of neuronal cells encompasses cortical and subcortical constitution, in particular the subthalamic nuclei, globus pallidus, red nucleus, superior colliculi, pretectal regions, periaqueductal grey matter, substantia nigra, thalamus, cerebellum, the entire pontine tegmentum, oculomotor nucleus, medulla, dentate nucleus and the spinal cord (Williams and Lees, 2009). Cases which do not predispose these features are difficult to diagnose. Research studies reveal that genetic mutations in the tau gene present on the chromosome 17 is responsible for the frontotemporal dementias. Stanford et al (2000), have identified that a silent mutation (S305S) in the tau gene is responsible for noteworthy atrophy or cellular collapse of the frontal and temporal cortices. Histopathological tests display intracellular, somatodendritic tau-aggregates which are shown by the silver staining (Dickson, 1999). Presence of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, neuropil threads in neuronal processes , coiled twisting bodies in oligodendrocytes, tufted astrocytes in the basal ganglia, amygdala and motor cortex as well as nonexistence of neuritic plaques aid to discriminate PSP from other tauopathies. Taupathies is a common terminology employed to neurodegenerative disorders displaying tau-pathology in the glial or neuronal cells. Tau protein is expressed in neurons, associated with the microtubule.

Merger and Acquisition in China Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Merger and Acquisition in China - Coursework Example Therefore it will be very important to understand how this trend impacts the Chinese economy, as the country is effectively competing with other countries for FDI and this should affect the over all position of China in the international trade arena. The open door policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in China in1992 with the intention to push forward China's economic progress brought in considerable wealth in the form of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) (Galbraith, 2000). This policy enabled institutional change (North 1990), which in turn created opportunities for investment into the Chinese economy. What was different about this policy was that it was a gradual change and not a sudden change as experienced in other developing countries, which led to bankruptcies and high costs (Campbell and Lindberg 1991). This policy also placed emphasis on foreign capital policy, the foreign exchange system, and it also offered promising conditions for foreign investors (Galbraith, 2000). This policy has since reaped dividends given that the main mode for FDI into the Chinese economy has been through foreign funded and joint venture companies. This has also reflected in figures which show that between 1990 and 1996, China managed to attract app roximately $230 billion of foreign capital, with 20% of that amount coming from developing nations (Galbraith, 2000). However, the open door policy did more than just attract FDI to China; it also introduced the market for corporate control, which is where firms are sold and bought, or are taken over (Groenewegen 2004). This market for corporate control previously did not exist, due to the high number of enterprises owned by the state, which also meant that no FDI was coming into the economy. By opening up the economy, most of these government enterprises have now been left open for mergers and acquisitions, due to market forces operating in the economy. For instance, this open door policy led to initiatives from the Chinese government to reduce non-profitable enterprises (Groenewegen 2004), and between 1995 and 2002 the number of state owned enterprises decreased by 46% and profit increased by 163.6% (SASAC 2004). First of all these figures demonstrate that during that time period there was a record number of mergers and acquisitions, and that these were probably due to the need to establish profitable organizations for the Chinese government. These figures also show that mergers and acquisitions have the ability to generate revenue through profits, which demonstrate that the new organizations are more efficient than they were in their previous state. This clearly suggests that the Chinese government experienced a lot of the advantages of mergers and acquisitions from the introduction of the market for corporate control; however one also has to consider the effect of this open door policy on small private companies. The move from a centrally planned economy to a market economy has also encouraged FDI as the government has had to make changes to tax systems, in order to make them more favourable to investors. Foreign investors are considered to introduce new technology, new methods, structures, process and management styles to the economy which result in increased productivity

Study of World Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Study of World Cultures - Essay Example They include the involvement with cross-functional groups, coordination of order specifications with suppliers, supervision of work across cultures or countries, negotiation of terms with offshore business partners, expanding operations to new countries and forming mergers with competitors. Boundaries come with challenges, which managers need to understand. Boundaries can cause investment losses, customer service failure, and unmotivated employees who are unwilling to span boundaries. The factors contributing to the emergence of boundary problems in organizations relate to Cultural Communication Dimensions and Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions. The most important cultural communication dimensions relate to language and cultural differences. As such, various people in the entrepreneurial world have different languages of communication. Moreover, they also have their cultural alignments, which may not permit cross-cultural communications. Cultural obstacles at the micro and macro scales can deter boundary spanning. At the macro level, cultural issues occur when firms communicate across their territorial boundaries. It may include instances when international corporations work with units from other nations. For instance, the United States may outsource Indian experts to offer IT services. Micro-cultural issues refer to the corporate culture created in the various departments of an organization. The communication pattern is one cultural dimension that affects the working relationship between Westerners and Asians. While the westerners often prefer communicating through verbal signs, the Asians opt to be non-verbal. Westerners and North American cultures value clarity and directness. By contrast, Asian cultures value ambiguity, politeness, and indirectness. Asian and American business cultures also differ on the cultural dimension of action. For instance, Asians will not openly reject a proposal since they value

Marketing - Santa Fe Grill analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing - Santa Fe Grill analysis - Essay Example tors that influence the clients decision to dine either at Santa Fe Grill or Joses Southwestern Cafà ©, (2) the features that customers associate each of the restaurants with, (3) the geographic and demographic description of the clients, the impact of advertising, willingness to refer their friends to the restaurant or even return to their restaurant of choice as well as their degree of satisfaction. Summary statistics, univariate and other statistical tests were conducted and results presented in the following sections. Table 1 shows the summary statistics for the responses obtained for this question. Majority of the respondents interviewed with regard to Joses Southwestern Cafà © occasionally ate there (38.2%) while for Santa Fe Grill majority of the respondents ate there somewhat frequently. Tabulation of the frequency at which respondents ate at each of the two restaurants is provided in table 1 below. Regarding whether the respondents perceived the prices at either Santa Fe Grill or Jose’s Southwestern Cafà © to be reasonable, a seven point likert scale response was used from which the results indicated that on average, the respondents in both restaurants were indifferent about the pricing (Average for this response was 4). Further tests were conducted on how much they agreed with the pricing (6 on the likert scale). Results from an independent sample t-test (table2) indicated that for both restaurant, the customers agreed with the pricing. Table 3 shows results of a cross tabulation of the respondents’ gender versus whether they recall seeing an advertisement in the past 60 days. Majority of those who could not recall seeing an advertisement in the past 60 days were males (68.80%). However, for the respondents who could recall seeing an advertisement in the past 60 days, 73.3% were males. We therefore conclude that more males recalled seeing an advertisement as compared to those that did not see it, while for females a higher number of female could not

The Big Weight Dilemma Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Big Weight Dilemma - Term Paper Example A person is considered obese when the BMI measurement is 30 or more (Solomon, Berg and Martin, 2004, p. 892). Obesity is an acute case of malnutrition. And that it occurs when there is an increase in the size of fat cells or when there is an increase in the number of fat cells, or both. (Salomon, Berg and Martin, p. 892) There are numerous scholarly work and medical research that explain the causes and dynamics behind the problem. For instance, some studies suggest how obesity can be genetically inherited. However, the most widely recognized cause is primarily overeating and the sheer amount of fatty food intake that accumulates during childhood and in many cases until the adult life. There are also experts who point to the role played by social and lifestyle factors because of the patterns of food consumption and the physical activity level prevalent in a particular society. (Mooney, Knox and Schacht, 2010, p. 41). This is the reason why obesity is most pronounced in affluent countr ies. In lower income countries, the incidence of obesity is concentrated in urban areas and in people belonging to higher class (UK 2004, p. 48). Health Risk Obesity is a health problem and it is a cause of concern. This is because this health condition increases the risk for several illnesses such as diabetes, several types of cancer, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, asthma and other health problems. The World Health Organization reported that it is included in the top 19 health problems and that it contributes to about 300,000 deaths annually in the United States alone (Salomon, Berg and Martin, p. 892). A recent study suggested that obesity will shorten the average life expectancy of people by at least two to five years over the next fifty years, reversing the mostly steady increase in life expectancy that has occurred over the past two centuries (Money, Knox and Schacht, p. 40). Now these are disturbing because statistics depict an increasing trend in America. The latest figures released by the government show that more than 66 percent of American adults age 20 and older are overweight and 32 percent are obese (Hoeger and Hoeger, 2009, p. 149). From 2007 to 2008, it was revealed that at least 17 percent of the US children and adolescents are obese, which is roughly 12.5 million: 10.4 percent of 2-5 year-olds, 19.6 percent of 6-11 year-olds and 18.1 of 12-19 year-olds (O’Dea and Eriksen, 2010, p. 86). In addition to the health risk factors, obesity can also take its toll on the healthcare spending in the United States. By 2018, it is estimated that the medical cost associated with obesity will rise to about $344 billion or about 22 percent of the gross domestic product of the United States. This variable is particularly important especially that the overall cost of health care today is increasingly becoming less accessible to people. Conclusion Having, clearly identified the cause for the high incidence of obesity in America, one could say tha t it is easy to design interventions and solutions in order to deal with the problem. However, experts do not see the trend getting reversed anytime soon. I thin this is because solutions entail lifestyle changes, which is difficult for people to undertake. Also, obesity is widely seen as merely an indirect precursor to many health problems that is why people are taking

Michelangelo's Last Judgement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michelangelo's Last Judgement - Essay Example In this painting, judgment day is depicted and Christ is seen as a â€Å"stern judge of the world† (Kleiner, 2009, p.474). The literary sources from which this work of art drew its theme are supposed to be, the Bible, the Divine Comedy and also many folk and traditional stories about the judgment day (Barnes, 1998, p.1). It was Pope Paul III who invited Michelangelo from Florence to Rome and entrusted him with the creation of this painting, also deciding upon the topic of this painting (Paoletti and Radke, 2005, p.501). It was under the loving insistence of the Pope (who was busily reviving the strength of Catholicism in the backdrop of Protestant Reformation) that Michelangelo left his work in Florence and came to Rome. Hence it can be said that this painting embodied the Catholic idea of salvation (Dixon, n.d.). The painting shows all the just figures inside it as ascending to heaven and all the damned figures as being taken downward into the hell (Kleiner, 2009, p.474). The purpose of this painting as seen from the eyes of the Catholic Church of that era was to tackle the ideological spread of Protestantism (Williams, 2004, p.76). The Church was getting aware of the â€Å"power of art† and was trying to â€Å"exercise some kind of control over the production and consumption images† (Williams, 2004, p.76). In this painting, Michelangelo has â€Å"used some†¦intense colors† and had paid attention to undertake perfect detailing of all the human bodies that he has drawn (Paoletti and Radke, 2005, p.501). It is observed that â€Å"each hue is powerfully distinct, yet shot through with lights of other hues† (Dixon, n.d.). The ambience created by this painting is that of great tension and apprehension. This is in accordance with the theme of the painting, which is about the judgment day. The central figure if Jesus as is in all previous judgment day paintings. The raised right hand of Jesus in the painting is supposed to repr esent the canonical saying, â€Å"(He) wrathfully damns the guilty and banishes them from his presence into eternal fire† (cited by Dixon, n.d.). But some critics (Dixon, n.d.; Kleiner, 2009) have viewed the positioning of the hand as depicting uncertainty and ambiguity. The painting is reflective of Michelangelo’s concepts about the judgment, which has roots in Dante’s notions and also in the idea that â€Å"judgment is not a matter of God's action at all ... (and) judgment is a choice of the individual soul† (Dixon, n.d.). This might be the reason why many figures in the painting even as being drawn into hell, carry signs of some internal conflict on their faces rather than a fear of being punished. It is also argued that this is why Michelangelo has not given Christ a commanding posture and instead picturized him in an ambiguous body posture (Dixon, n.d.). Critics (Paoletti and Radke, 2005) have opined that the style in this painting is a developmental progression from his previous figural style and also is reflective of Hellenistic sculpting style (p.501). By visualizing Jesus in the appearance a Greek god, Michelangelo was breaking the convention on usual depictions of Christ. The skin held by St. Bartholomew (he was skinned alive) in the painting is supposed to have a face resembling Michelangelo himself, says some analysts (Kleiner, 2009, p.474). Another curious specialty of the painting has been its lack of â€Å"

STI and HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STI and HIV - Essay Example Nearly 88% of these people are in the sexually active and economically productive age group of 15 to 49 years (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). Therefore, most people living with HIV are in the prime of their working lives with many of them supporting families. The remaining 8% of the infected population are above 50 years and another 4% are children (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). The spread of HIV in India has been very uneven. Although the overall rate of infection in India has been very low, certain regions and certain population groups within the country have extremely high rate of infection. The infection rates are extremely high in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and the far north-east states of Manipur and Nagaland. Together these states account for 64% of the HIV burden in India (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 14). Prevalence Rates Overall the prevalence of HIV for adult males and females has shown a declining trend in the past five years. In 2006, it was 0.36% while in 2002 it was 0.45% in 2002 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 11). ... 2007). One of the major concerns regarding the epidemic of HIV in India is the increase seen in the proportion of infections among children and adults above 50 years. Among children, the prevalence of HIV was 3% in 2002 which increased to 4% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Similarly, the prevalence of the disease was 6% among adults above the age of 50 which has increased to 8% in 2006 (National AIDS Control Organization 2006, 13). Transmission route In India, nearly 88% of the transmission of STI/HIV happens through heterosexual contact (The World Bank 2008). Other routes of transmission include perinatal (4.7%), unsafe blood and blood products (1.7%), infected needles and syringes (1.8%) and other unspecified routes of transmission (4.1%) (The World Bank 2008). It is interesting to note that in the high prevalence southern states of India, STI/HIV has been found to spread primarily through heterosexual contact while in the high prevalence north-eastern states , the disease has been found to spread mainly among injecting drug users and sex workers (National AIDS Control Organization 2006). Researchers believe that the HIV epidemic in India has followed the ‘type 4’ pattern (The World Bank 2008). This is a pattern where new infections occur among the most vulnerable populations like the female sex workers, men who have sex with men or the injecting drug users. The infection then spreads to ‘bridge’ populations like the clients of sex workers or sexual partners of drug users and finally it enters the general population. Studies have revealed that long distance truck drivers and male migrant workers make up significant proportions of clients of sex workers (UNGASS 2008). In

Assets, liabilities, equity Essay Example for Free

Assets, liabilities, equity Essay Accounting, per se, is based on five types of accounts namely: assets, liabilities, equity, income and expense. These account types belong either of the Balance sheet accounts or Income and Expense accounts. Assets, liabiliites, and equity fall under the balance sheet account and the rest goes to the income and expense accoutnts. Definining each, asset is composed of a group of things that an individual or an entity owns. These includes tangible items like car, cash or often stocks (intangible) and others that possess convertible values. On the other hand, liabilities are group of things on which an individual or an entity is indebted to. Loans and mortgages are the common examples of liabilities. Equity, is what we also call net worth an amount that is represented to be the remainder after deducting the liabilities of an individual’s or an entity’s from its group of assets. Meanwhile, income is the same as profit – something that you earn as payment from the time, services, or goods that you offered in exchange of money. Expenses include all those monetaries that were used to acquire the goods or services of someone else. Amongst various accounts in an entity, the stocks swap and replacement costs are the fundamental accounts that change when an entity assimilates to a corporate merger. Stock swap is frequently used in the accounts of a corporate merger since it does not prohibit the shareholders of merging companies to distribute among them the risk that is involved in the merging transaction. Replacement cost, on the other hand is comes in when entities will employ cost in replacing that target company. However, replacment cost can only be true in most cases where an industry does not give services. References Investopedia ULC (2008) Mergers and Acquisitions: Introduction. Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://www. investopedia. com/university/mergers/default. asp Money Instructor (2005) Basic Accounting Terminology 101. Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://www. moneyinstructor. com/art/basicaccounting. asp

English Premier League and their Asian focus Essay Example for Free

English Premier League and their Asian focus Essay Club football is now truly globalised. Clubs are no more small community based which are known in that locality, they are now huge organisations owned by the richest businessmen’s of the world. The transfer spend of each club is increasing at a mind boggling pace. Every year clubs are breaking their transfer record fees. The increase in this expenditure has led to clubs being debt laden, with some of the biggest clubs in the world having debts which in normal business prudence would be suicidal. Thus the need for new revenue streams. Thus English premier league clubs set out all over the world to find out new revenue streams, and thus they found and fell in love with Asia. Asia is unique because though they themselves fare poorly in FIFA rankings and have rarely ruled the football world, their passion for football is second to none. In fact there are more followers and fans of English premier league football clubs in Asia than in England. The high growth rate in Asian countries has also resulted in people desiring for more. Thus in certain parts of South East Asia, weekends means EPL and Beer. But Why EPL Why not Serie A, Bundesliga or the la liga The reasons are many. While now La liga biggies Real Madrid and Barcelona have equal presence in Asian market, but still as a whole there is more EPL presence. First is Tv rights and Tv timing. The match timings in Asian countries are rarely real late nights or early mornings. The match timings are convenient. Though mostly it is the English premier league clubs and Football association’s ability to get into the Asian market early. Now every year during the season break in England there is a tournament called the premier league Asia trophy. In 2013 it was won by the runners up of EPL, Manchester City. The ever increasing value of TV rights deals for the EPL in Asia, an area with vast growth potential given the regions enormous and upwardly mobile population. On their trips to Asia, clubs charge appearance fees to play friendly games, and benefit from sales of official merchandise. And they trade on their popularity by signing sponsorship deals involving everything from banks and credit cards to beer, telecoms, airlines, and even tomato juice. The growth prospect is immense and they have just started. The threat though lies with the other big European leagues who are slowly  starting to focus more and more on Asia. Bayern Munich, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Ac Milan etc are now increasing their presence in Asia in a bullish manner. Even these countries themselves are getting better in football and have their own club system. Other sports like baseball and basketball also pose a serious threat. Though all said and done Asian love affair of English clubs is still on the growth stage and the potential is immense. As the premier league chief executive Richard Scudamore himself told, Our global fan base is just short of a billion, and half of those are here in Asia, so it (Asia) is a hugely important part of what we do,

Impact of Potato Production

Impact of Potato Production Qingxin Fu The Columbian Exchange: Potato The discovery of the Americas brought a large exchange of people, diseases and crops. Corn, peppers, tomatoes, cassava, cocoa, rubber and tobacco were some of the crops introduced to the Old World. Coffee, oranges, bananas and sugar cane were introduced to the Americas. One of the most important crops brought to the Old World was the potato. Potatoes, as a substitute for wheat or rice, provided peasants a new source of calories. Potato was originated South America and then introduced to the Old World; the crop also raised political, economic and social consequences, such as late blight, Irish Famine, and sudden population increase in China, from its production. Domesticated potatoes were once all belong to one botanical species, Solanum tuberosum; it included thousands of varieties that had diversity in size, shape, color and other characteristics. The potato was first domesticated in the South America Andes, then the Puritans who took Mayflower arrived the land and the First Nations taught them about potatoes. Then the sailors went back to Europe and people started to plant potatoes in Spain, England, France, and many other countries in Europe. Later, potatoes were spread into Africa by the colonists. The crop was once believe to be poisonous by the local farmers who refused to plant them. However, the colonists persuaded the farmers and introduced potatoes as a low-price and high-production crop in substitute of wheat and rice. After potatoes were widely spread through Europe and Africa, they were introduced into East Asia. Following its introduction into China at the end of Ming Dynasty, potatoes became one of the most popular crops in the country. Ironically, despite of the distance of South America and North America, North America is the last region in the world which planted potatoes and established them as a type of crop. Potatoes were widely spread out as a crop throughout the world and planted in every country. They took a great portion of crop production in every country every year, even nowadays. As potatoes spread out and planted a vast amount of them in most countries, they also brought political consequences with them. Late blight was a type of disease that came from growing potatoes. It was caused by the fungus-like pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. It could infect and destroy the leaves, stems, fruits, and tubers of potato plants. Irish Famine, was caused by Late blight which killed tons of potatoes. However, British also played an important role in Irish Famine. As John Mitchel said at the time, â€Å"The Almighty, indeed, sent the potato blight, but the English created the famine.† In 1845, Ireland over-depended on the potatoes as their main source of crops; however, late blight killed all production of potatoes and caused famine. At that time, Britain’s rule over Ireland had been brutal and unfair because of deeply racist attitudes toward Ireland. From Cromwell’s massacres to the Penal Laws to the â€Å"Plantations† that pushed Irish off their homeland. The political consequences of those attitudes were absolutely merciless and cruel. British refused to provide any source of crops and even blocked international disaster relief from other countries to prevent Irish getting potatoes or other types of crops due to political issues. Although the government of Sir Robert Peel bought a quantity of American corn and sold them in Ireland, but it wasn’t even close to enough. Then after Peel lost power, free market could not provide food and more Irish died to the famine. Charles Trevelyan, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, shut down the food depots in Ireland that had been selling Peel’s corn and rejected another ship of corn that had been already headed for Ireland. He explained that he planned to prevent the Irish from becoming â€Å"habitually dependent† on the British government and also believed that Irish famine was God’s judgment to teach Irish people a lesson. More and more Irish peasants died due to the Famine and disease arose among them. Because of British mismanagement, and perhaps intent, in 1840, Ireland’s population was at 8.5 million, with England and Wales at 15.9 million. Ireland’s population continued to fall until 1970s. Nowadays, Ireland is approxi mately at 6 million, and England and Wales at 52 million. Potatoes also brought economic consequences to people; Irish Famine in the middle of the 19th century was the best illustrated example where Irish people depended on the potato for their primary source of calories. For millions of farmers, the only crop they planted was the potato since the only tool necessary for farming potatoes was a sharp stick, and those people could not afford any more than that. These Irish farmers lost all their cultivars and made zero profit from their expenses, because of potato late blight. Then a great famine exploded among Irish. The economy was ruined and a million died of starvation; about two million immigrated, usually to the US or Canada. Potato blight was a very serious economic threat in the potato and tomato production systems across the world. It was extremely hard to measure losses due to this plant disease because there were other factors present as well. Although in some areas, only local experts who speculate from field tests or visited farmers fields could estimate crop loss caused by potato late blight. While this approach was not accurate and imperfect, it could over-exaggerating or missed a portion of losses. However, it was often the only method available for some parts of the areas. In some circumstances, economic losses due the potato late blight could be analyzed systematically. For one event of late blight occurring in the Columbia basin of Washington in the US, the average of fungicide required per field varied from 5.1 to 12.3 depending on the plant species. Total per acre of field required expenses ranged from $100 to $230 dollars and the total cost of dealing with late blight was estimated to have arrived at $30 million dollars threshold. In a national evaluation, the economic impact of potato late blight in all areas of the United States was estimated to be about $210 million. A mean production loss of 15% was estimated by the international Potato Center which made a global estimation of late blight losses in developing countries. This meant that a total production loss in developing countries to be approximately $2.75 billion dollars. One of the important ways of viewing the economic effects of potato late blight was by looking the fungicide usage, which is usually easier and liable way to measure than crop loss. Approximately $77 million are spent on fungicides per season throughout the US. From these facts, potato production costs more than just equipment, seeds, and. Fungicide was one of the most important and necessary item for farmers to plant potatoes and each season expenses on farming increased as profit fell because of potato late blight. Farmers might spend way more money on how to prevent late blight than they would expected. Ironically, potatoes were meant to be cheap and easy to plant, but potato blight made the production rate to suffer and caused countries which heavily relied on potato as their main source of crop to suffer economic losses and cause Famine with a very high chance. Another example of social consequences about potato production was Chinese population growth after the middle period of the Qianlong reign (1735 – 1796). During that time, population increased dramatically and an urgent need to increase grain yields had become a big problem and it led to a rapid spread of potato production throughout China since it could be well fit to local environment. As the population continuously growing, society became a very unfamiliar place for Chinese people. The role of the individual was nearly invisible based on a very high population. This could led people to disconnect from their society. Despite of all the political and economic consequences caused by late blight, potato production also raised social consequences. They were best presented in the Irish Famine in the middle of the 19th century. Larger scale potato production continuously provided surpluses that supported an increase of population in both agricultural and industrial regions. Potatoes were planted widely because they could survive in most climates, altitudes, and soils and could be more highly prolific than grains in both good and bad years. Agricultural workers across Europe continuously raised potatoes production on small pieces of lands to gain food that was cheaper than wheat. Grains and potatoes, together with the flesh and other products of a few farm animals, provided an economically feasible and nutritionally adequate diet. Estimations were made that agricultural land assigned to plant potatoes provided three times the food nutrient value of land planted with wheat, so that more peasants could be maintained on a given quantity of farms. Even after farmers were fed and the stock replaced, more excess was left for the owner of the land. The most obvious disadvantage of the potato was that stocks could not be saved or carried over a year because the tubers would rot. By contrast, people were likely to plant potatoes over wheat due to these reasons which caused them to over-rely on potato production. When potato blight happened, a high demand on food could not be satisfied with wheat and other cultivars; thus, a famine occurred. Potatoes provided cheap provisions for growing industrial populations. Low-priced food supplies enabled industrialists to keep wages low. In all areas, there had been resistance of adopting potatoes for more than three centuries. Because the tuber had been variously seen as poisonous and unacceptable food source; some thought that it was forage for animals like pigs, others as famine food for refugees, but those preconception gradually disappeared as potatoes become one of the most popular and affordable crop. At the same time, the increasing dependence on potatoes in Ireland draw out the devastating predictions of famine for the potatoes that were already proving to be defenseless against multiple plant diseases. Irish peasants who depended on potatoes put themselves at a high risk because the potatoes could not be stored for more than a year, neither transported easily into regions which exploded famine. Because of those areas with such populations, they were also lack of political power and economically dependent on another country; Irish were helpless during the great famine. For all these reasons, although Ireland experienced a horrible blight that destroyed all potato crops; it could be seen that the Irish famine was more likely to be an artificial disaster that could have been prevented or saved by a good timed British emergency relief and millions of Irish lives would be saved. In conclusion, a large portion of people, diseases and crops were exchanged through the findings of the Americas. Crops, such as tobacco, rubber, cocoa, cassava, tomatoes, potatoes, corns, and peppers, were introduced into the Old Word; while coffee, oranges, banana and sugar cane were introduced into the Americas. Potato was one of the most important crops in the World that was introduced into the Old world. As a substitute for wheat, potatoes provided billions of people food to survive worldwide. However, diseases also rose among potato plants and destroyed millions of plants and caused famine which killed millions of people. The origin of potatoes was first found to be domesticated by South America Andes and learned by Europeans, and then it was spread into Africa, Asian and at last North America. Potatoes also caused political, social and economic issues from its production, such as late blight, the Great Famine, and increase in Chinese population; these issues had brought some s erious consequences that even lasted until modern days.

Commerce, Politics and the City in A Room of Ones Own and Mrs. Dallowa

Commerce, Politics and the City in A Room of One's Own and Mrs. Dalloway      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "...At this moment, as so often happens in London, there was a complete lull and suspension of traffic. Nothing came down the street; nobody passed. A single leaf detached itself from the plane tree at the end of the street, and in that pause and suspension fell. Somehow it was like a signal falling, a signal pointing to a force in things which one had overlooked ... Now it was bringing from one side of the street to the other diagonally a girl in patent leather boots and then a young man in a maroon overcoat; it was also bringing a taxi-cab; and it brought all three together at a point directly beneath my window; where the taxi stopped; and the girl and the young man stopped; and they got into the taxi; and the cab glided off as if it were swept on by the current elsewhere." (A Room of One's Own 100)    "Virginia Woolf" - the version of her that narrates the "events" of A Room of One's Own - observes the above urban scene from her window. In a pattern that she had perfected in Mrs. Dalloway four years earlier, the rhythms of urban existence are closely articulated with those of the natural world - and that rhythmic coordination in turn serves as a kind of authorization of that urban existence, a guarantee of the transcendent meaning of the evidently constructed human world. Thus the quietly definitive dropping of a leaf from its branch not only seems a sort of rhythmic blueprint for the ballet-like convergence of "girl," "man" and "taxi-cab", but also in fact the mystical cause of that convergence, a "signal" "bringing" this ... ...fied royal, the skywriting of an advertiser's airplane) are analogues of the narration's own confident focalizing sweep - now airborne, now moving down city streets, now fanning out across parks, always able to join disparate characters in a cohesive narrative line. But they are uneasy analogues, for they are patently the product not of some transcendent or natural meaning but of powerful modern interests: the nation, entertainment, commerce. Clarissa's intimations of timeless spiritual connectivity, and the narration's own performance of that connectivity, move in the grooves set down by these very modern institutions.       Works cited:    Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway. London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1925.    ____________. A Room of One's Own. London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1929.

Metamorphosis Essay -- English Literature

Metamorphosis In the short story, Metamorphosis, the narrator describes Gregor’s new life as an insect. He then goes on to describe Gregor’s sister, Grete, with a reflection of Gregor’s opinion in the description. Kafka employs a number of stylistic devices including descriptive imagery, metaphors, and symbolism in the passage to describe the situation. While these devices on their own just provide a more complex method of painting the situation, the way they are assembled in the passage serves to depict a comparison of power between Gregor and Grete. The creation of such a multifaceted evaluation further increases the reader’s sympathy towards Gregor’s situation. Firstly, Gregor is characterized with many literary descriptors. â€Å"Sense of freedom† is the first occurrence of relevant descriptive imagery. The freedom is what he used to posses before the metamorphosis, however he no longer has liberty outside his room. That is where the second image of â€Å"looking out† the window comes into play. The looking out symbolizes Gregor’s reflection on the liberties he used to posses when he could leave his room, and of the outdoors, there by limiting his experiences. This is supported with the imagery of his vision weakening. The imagery reflects a tone of pessimism, in that Gregor is loosing hope for a recovery. All the imagery serves to sympathies with Gregor because his situation is depicted as bleak. The symbol of Gregor’s knowledge is his vision, which is the primary medium for humans gain knowledge. With his sight diminishing, he is no longer able to discover as much as would be able to normally and even starting to disbelieve his previous knowledge. This is mentioned when he said that if he had not known ... ...nd blended indistinguishably into each other. His quick witted sister only needed to observe twice that the armchair stood by the window; after that, whenever she had tidied the room, she always pushed the chair back to the same place at the window and even left the inner casements open. If he could have spoken to her and thanked her for all she had to do for him, he could have more her ministrations better; as it was, they oppressed him. She certainly tried to make light as possible of whatever was disagreeable in her task, and as time went on he succeeded, of course, more and more, but time bought more enlightenment to Gregor too. The very way she came in distressed him. Hardly was she in the room when she rushed to the window, without even taking time to shut the door, carefully as she was usually to shield the sight of Gregor’s room from the others.

Kants Humanity Formula Essay -- Kant Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Kant's Humanity Formula   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Few formulas in philosophy have been so widely accepted and variously interpreted as Kant’s injunction to treat humanity as an end in itself†(Hill, 38). Immanuel Kant’s views, as elucidated in his book, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, are based on the belief that â€Å"people count† by prohibiting actions which exploit other individuals in order for self-prosperity or altruistic ends. Ethics then, are confirmed by the dignity and worth of the rational agency of each person. Since human beings are the only rational beings capable of decision making and reasonable judgement, humanity must be valued. Kant proposes a test that ensures that humanity is treated with respect, and not used merely as an instrument. To understand how he defines this test, we must first take a look at the foundation of his main principle, the Categorical Imperative. Kant’s way of determining morality of actions is quite different from other philosophers, and many find it extremely hard to grasp or implausible. The central concept of his basic test for morality found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is the categorical imperative. â€Å"The representation of an objective principle, insofar as it is necessitating for a will, is called a command (of reason), and the formula of the command is called an imperative†(Kant, 24). In other words, an imperative is something that a will ought or shall do because the will is obligated to act in a way in which conforms to moral law. Imperatives can also be referred to as the supreme principle of morality. According to Kant, there are two types of imperatives: hypothetical and categorical. Hypothetical imperatives are actions that look for the best means to a goal, however, the goal might not necessarily be an end in itself. On the other hand, the categorical imperative is an objectively necessary means to an end in itself, and the action to obtain the end, must have moral worth. If we as rational agents, have any morality at all Kant says, it takes the form of rational, categorical imperatives (commands of reason) and is found a priori excluding all interests and desires. These commands of reason are proven by the Universal Law Formula, which when applied, is a method for determining the morality of actions. How is this formula applied though? Kantian philosophy is derived from the belief that ac... ...eir judgement wisely enough to know that lying would create better outcomes in many situations. This essentially, would be a Utilitarian’s argument. Moral actions are based on consequences; ones which increase happiness or positive outcomes. Telling a lie to the murderer to send him astray would save a life, and consequently would be a moral action. Utilitarianism would take into account the future repercussions caused by the lie, but the analysis of an action still lies in the foreseen or predicted consequences rather than on the action’s intrinsic moral value. Morality then, would be judged on a case by case basis. Kant’s perspective refutes this by saying morality loses its value as a universal quality. Although situations change, the basis for acting (morality) must stay the same and actions are moral or immoral, regardless of any immediate consequences. Still, morality is based on constantly changing and often unpredictable outcomes. Kantian philosophy, even interpreted by Kant himself, is overly extreme and the strict application of its principles is too stringent. Although there is no definite foundation to base morality on, the universal law formula is highly implausible. Kant's Humanity Formula Essay -- Kant Philosophy Philosophical Essays Kant's Humanity Formula   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Few formulas in philosophy have been so widely accepted and variously interpreted as Kant’s injunction to treat humanity as an end in itself†(Hill, 38). Immanuel Kant’s views, as elucidated in his book, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, are based on the belief that â€Å"people count† by prohibiting actions which exploit other individuals in order for self-prosperity or altruistic ends. Ethics then, are confirmed by the dignity and worth of the rational agency of each person. Since human beings are the only rational beings capable of decision making and reasonable judgement, humanity must be valued. Kant proposes a test that ensures that humanity is treated with respect, and not used merely as an instrument. To understand how he defines this test, we must first take a look at the foundation of his main principle, the Categorical Imperative. Kant’s way of determining morality of actions is quite different from other philosophers, and many find it extremely hard to grasp or implausible. The central concept of his basic test for morality found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is the categorical imperative. â€Å"The representation of an objective principle, insofar as it is necessitating for a will, is called a command (of reason), and the formula of the command is called an imperative†(Kant, 24). In other words, an imperative is something that a will ought or shall do because the will is obligated to act in a way in which conforms to moral law. Imperatives can also be referred to as the supreme principle of morality. According to Kant, there are two types of imperatives: hypothetical and categorical. Hypothetical imperatives are actions that look for the best means to a goal, however, the goal might not necessarily be an end in itself. On the other hand, the categorical imperative is an objectively necessary means to an end in itself, and the action to obtain the end, must have moral worth. If we as rational agents, have any morality at all Kant says, it takes the form of rational, categorical imperatives (commands of reason) and is found a priori excluding all interests and desires. These commands of reason are proven by the Universal Law Formula, which when applied, is a method for determining the morality of actions. How is this formula applied though? Kantian philosophy is derived from the belief that ac... ...eir judgement wisely enough to know that lying would create better outcomes in many situations. This essentially, would be a Utilitarian’s argument. Moral actions are based on consequences; ones which increase happiness or positive outcomes. Telling a lie to the murderer to send him astray would save a life, and consequently would be a moral action. Utilitarianism would take into account the future repercussions caused by the lie, but the analysis of an action still lies in the foreseen or predicted consequences rather than on the action’s intrinsic moral value. Morality then, would be judged on a case by case basis. Kant’s perspective refutes this by saying morality loses its value as a universal quality. Although situations change, the basis for acting (morality) must stay the same and actions are moral or immoral, regardless of any immediate consequences. Still, morality is based on constantly changing and often unpredictable outcomes. Kantian philosophy, even interpreted by Kant himself, is overly extreme and the strict application of its principles is too stringent. Although there is no definite foundation to base morality on, the universal law formula is highly implausible.

Lab Experiment Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Essay

The purpose of this experiment is to use stoichiometry to predict how much of a product will be made in a precipitation reaction, to measure the reactants and products of the reaction correctly, to figure out the actual yield vs. the theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. Procedure First, 1.0 g of CaCl2Â ·2H2O was put into a 100-mL beaker and 25 mL of distilled water was added. The two ingredients were stirred to create a calcium chloride solution. Then, stoichiometry was used to determine how much Na2CO3 was needed for a full reaction: First, 1 g of CaCl22H2O was converted to moles: 0.00680 moles. The mole ratios of CaCl22H2O and Na2CO3 was seen to be 1:1. Then, moles of Na2CO3 were converted to grams: 0 .72 g. The measure of CaCo3 was predicted to be 0.00680 moles. 0.00680 moles converted to grams is 0.68 grams. Then, 0 .72 grams of Na2CO3 was measured into a paper cup because that was the measure calculated for Na2CO3 using stoichiometry in the step before. 25 mL of distilled water was added and stirred. Then, that solution was poured into the 100 mL beaker and it formed a precipitate (calcium carbonate) instantly with the calcium chloride solution. Next, a filteration system was set up: A small cup was placed inside a larger cup for support and a funnel placed in to the small cup. Then, a 1.1 gram circle of filter paper was folded in half twice and one section of the folds in the filter paper was opened to fit into the funnel. Then, the solution was poured slowly into the funnel. After all the liquid strained through the filter system, the filter paper with its contents which did not strain through was put aside on a few paper towels to dry. Once it was dry, the filter paper was weighed again and the weight was 1.9 grams. The initial weight of the filter paper was subtracted from 1.9 grams, leaving 0.8 grams of precipitate. Then, using the theoretical yield and actual yield, the percent yield was figured out: .80/ .68= 1. 176 117.6%. Experimental Results & Discussion of Observations Calculations: 1 g of CaCl22H2O was converted to moles| 0.00680 moles| mole ratios of CaCl22H2O and Na2CO3| 1:1| moles of Na2CO3 were converted to grams| .72 g| . 0.00680 moles converted to grams| 0.68 grams| initial weight of the filter paper subtracted from final weight with precipitate| 1.9 – 1.1= .8 g| using the theoretical yield and actual yield, the percent yield was calculated| .80/ .68= 1. 176 117.6%.| Additional Questions No additional questions. Conclusions This experiment was successful. Stoichiometry was used to predict how much of a product will be made in a precipitation reaction, the reactants and products of the reaction were measured, the actual yield vs. the theoretical yield was figured out and the percent yield was calculated. References 1. 1. LabPaq Lab Manual Caloric Content of Food by Peter Jaschofnig Ph.D. Pgs 92-97

Organ Donations

Michael Aguila Prof. Leblanc SPC 21 October 2012 reed harmonium bounty Topic Organ Donation General Purpose To educate the kind on the vastness of electronic organ bribes. helpingicularized Purpose To persuade the class to not let their variety meat go to waste. dissertation Statement Donating your variety meat allows a deportment to be prolonged. It as well allows scientific studies to interdict future occurrences or finding a cure for a disease. Organizational pr guessice Monroes Motivational Sequence optical Aids Power-Point Presentation. Introduction I.Attention-getter (wow factor) The problem with organ contributions is that you do not admit how most-valuable it is until it happens to family, friends or yourself. The issue is it is not taken seriously, when all it takes is a trip to the DMV. It whitethorn be that no ane in the agency has had a family member that infallible an organ, but whitethornbe in that respect is. why does allone want health insuranc e? It is to serving your chances of survival and of course your pocket ($). why not give your organs and attention celebrate a life? It whitethorn be you that lacks an organ one solar day A. II. Credibility Statement (why be you qualified to speak on this take? I researched several artificial lakes on the importance of organ benefaction. I also grow a friend that donated his bone shopping center in order to extradite his siss life. In my research I also read situations where people withstand died due to not having an organ bestower. III. house trailer The discussion of organ gratuity brush off seem to be a thin-skinned subject, but the truth is anyone in this room may indispensableness an organ grant at any moment. What if on your demeanor home today you get in an accident which is almost fatal, but you need a heart channelise to live. In the opposite prospective, you may be instinct dead and your organs fuel deport a squirt that was born with 1 bad kidne y.You tail save that childs life. Then we also keep up organs that be bad, but fanny be studied to find a cure or to better bring in the reason why the problem may occur. Body I. Main Point 1 The importance of organ donation. A. Organ donation is important everywhere, but is only workable because people have to be unstrained to do so. 1. teeming people to harp a fine city over 100,000 are wait for an organ donation in the joined States. (Mayo Clinic Staff). http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/organ-donation/FL00077 2. The ultimate act of human kindness. (Dr. Moritsugu, previous sawbones general of the United States) http//www. nytimes. com/2007/08/28/health/28brod. html? _r=0 3. banterua Abbott was a lung transplant recipient who championed the cause of organ and thread donation. To the legislature, he became the face of all those needing transplants. Josh became an organ transplant recipient at age 29 and an organ donor at age 30. He died in 2006, 11 months after re ceiving a doubled lung transplant due to complications from an illness. (N. A. , 2009) http//www. donatelifeflorida. rg/content/joshua_abbott/? selected=5 A. The problems in acquiring organs for donations. 4. Enough people to populate a small city over 100,000 are waiting for an organ donation in the United States. (Mayo Clinic Staff). http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/organ-donation/FL00077 2. The parents of Laurie McLendon, 42, chose to donate when their daughter suffered cardiac arrest at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. devil women received her kidneys, a burn unit received skin, her corneas went to an eye bank, and her coloured-colored was transplanted into a 61-year-old pediatric oncologist, Dr.Michael Harris of Englewood, N. J. , who had contracted hepatitis C days earlier period caring for a patient. (N. A. , 2007) 3. People typically wait triplet to five years for donated organs, and each day 17 of them die. (N. A. , 2007) 4. An estimated two in iii Americans h ave not indicated their wishes about donation. (Dr. Syed) http//www. irfi. org/articles/articles_101_150/organ_donation_problems. htm B. How to donate your organs. 1. You can let your immediate family know what you want done with your organs or have it written in a will. 2.Every state allows you to register to have your organs donated. Florida you can sign up via your DMV (online or in person) * * II. Main Point 2 Donating organs while you are alive. C. How can you donate organs while you are alive? 5. animate organ donation has become a common source of organs for those in need of organ transplantation, usually a kidney, bone centre, and sometimes the portion of a colored-colored.Less common is donation of a portion of a lung or small intestine. at that place are thousands of active donations in the US and around the innovation every year. (2012 International Association of liveliness Organ Donors, Inc). http//www. livingdonorsonline. org/general. htm 6. Donors are often a close relative but may also be individuals who are not related but have an establish emotional relationship with the recipient such(prenominal) as a partner or close friend. (N. A. , 2012) https//www. organdonation. nhs. uk/ukt/how_to_become_a_donor/questions/answers/answers_5. asp 7.Part of a colored can be transplanted and it may also be possible to donate a segment of a lung and, in a very small number of cases, part of the small bowel. D. What is the attempt of donating organs while you are still alive? 1. Living donation is major(ip) surgery. All complications of major surgery apply. ( 2012 Transplant Living. A emolument of the United profit for Organ Sharing, a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. ) http//www. transplantliving. org/living-donation/being-a-living-donor/risks/ 2. My friend Joshua donated some his bone marrow to his sister who had leukemia and is living today because of his act of kindness.He could have been paralyzed if the procedure had gotten ill-time d with the anesthesia, but is a low risk procedure. 3. The Liver, Kidney, Lung Pancrease, and Intestinecan cause longterm effect on the consistency. (United Network for Organ Sharing. 2011). http//www. transplantliving. org/living-donation/being-a-living-donor/risks/ III. Main Point 3 Organ donations help scientific studies approach and can prolong life. E. Donating your dead soundbox and organs to science 8. One out of every 10 Americans is affected by coloured disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. The liver supports almost every organ in the body and is vital for survival. Because of its location and numerous functions, the liver is prone to many another(prenominal) diseases. There are over 100 liver diseases. The liver is necessary for survival before long there is no way for the body to compensate for the absence of a go liver in the long term, although liver dialysis techniques can be used in the short term. The liver does ha ve a great capacity to regenerate and has a large reserve capacity.In most cases, the liver only produces symptoms after extensive damage. (N. A. , 2012) http//www. sciencecare. com/ intercommunicate 9. Medical schools have an ongoing need of bodies for teaching and research. The need may be especially urgent at osteopathic and chiropractic schools. (N. A. , 2012) http//www. funerals. org/frequently-asked-questions/69-body-and-organ-donation-a-gift-to-science 10. Your body donation could help students learn to save lives or help researchers understand how dissimilar organs function so they can find cures and improve procedures. (N. A. , 2012) http//www. ehow. om/info_8005106_pros-cons-organ-body-donation. html F. Donating your body to science can save your family money. 11. A basic burial averages close to $6,600 in the United States. Many people business organisation about the financial burden this places on their families. (Freedman 2012) http//www. getrichslowly. org/blog/20 12/01/30/how-to-donate-your-body-to-science/ Conclusion I. survey/Summary of Main Points In conclusion, donating your organs can help in many ways. So get out there and make a difference by donating your organs. Not only can you save persons life, but someone may save yours one day. work CitedWalmsley, Angela. What the United Kingdom Can determine the United States About School Uniforms. OmniFile all-embracing Text Mega (H. W. Wilson). Web. 11 Feb. 2012. . Tanner, Julian. Education Canada. do Schools Safer? The Unintended Consequences of Good Intentions 43. 3 (2009) 12-15. OmniFile to the full Text Mega (H. W. Wilson). Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . Starr, Jennifer. Journal of police force & Education. School Violence and Its Effect on the Constitutionality of Public School Uniform Policies. 29. 1 (2000) 113-18. OmniFile Full Text Mega (H. W. Wilson). Web. 12 Feb. 2012. . Bartsch and Cheurprakobkit. educational Research. Security Measures on School detestation in Texas Middle and High Schools 47. 2 (2005)

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralisation of decision making is the process of involving different people in an organization in making key significant changes whether these changes are policy based or otherwise, different levels of senior management are involved and their expertise and own opinion is sought before any changes are enacted. There are 2 public key decisions making methods in an organisation, namely centralized and decentralized, In the latter, only the top management is involved in making key changes and decisions which negative affect the whole organization.This system is advantageous in that, it is faster, reliable wired and less tasking. While it is still used in great majority of organizaions, most organizations are shifting to the decentralised scientific method and therefore are involving different levels of management in the important decision making process.They rely to make decisions and provide same direction for the company.Thirdly, decentralised decision making process is ideal whereby, primary key decisions are being made at departmental levels such as in production department. Empowering departmental heads to make key decisions perhaps pertaining to the purchasing of crucial dry ingredients as well as other technical areas late may require a decentralised decision making model. PAGE 2: Organisational culture empty can present difficulties for management initiated change programmes? connect Discuss Organisational culture refers to the employee – employer international relations which shape how the two parties interact and intermingle at the work place.Also, organisational culture can be shaped by, former employee backgrounds, external factors as well as the level of support accorded to the employees by the political organization staff.Each time a one-voice coverage is required, e.

On the other hand an organization culture which is negative leads to new customers shunning away so that, any well meant educational programmes will be fail to take better off since, negative publicity which the employees can advance in the process of interacting with the different stake holders also what does have a bearing on the outcome of the projects. Lastly, organizational culture determines total output in workers in that, a negative general attitude amongst employees is more likely to lead to new low output in that, it is highly correlated with time low morale and therefore productivity.PAGE 3: Discuss why managerial authority is so important to our understanding of organisations and technological how this power has to be legitimised logical not just by individual workers but by the international organisations culture. Failure to appreciate managerial authority stems original form a negative culture which in stead of pestering a mutual understanding between skilled work ers and employers causes tensions and such misunderstandings in an organization.in fiscal reporting, agility early may not be suitable.To achieve the above, management should work towards having logical and inculcating in the organization, the right culture. This best can be achieved (if it is lacking), through the launching of strategic plans which could incorporate vision logical and mission statements, core values of the organization as well as the social responsibility statement of the organization. All the above are necessary in ensuring that, the organization functions in the right environment whereby the special needs of all members in the organization are taken great care of and employees feel free and as a part of the organization. This in turn direct result into a culture of unity and strength.Dynamic changes in financial resources and organisational objectives , along with the firm environment, geometric mean a static structure is suitable.

The classical organisation is linked with bureaucracy.Organizations and other people having different opinions on a particular small business choice best can struggle.The operation of the HR professional needs to close parallel the requirements of their organization that is shifting.In the procedure, you ought to be going for foreseeable future growth and ensuring.

Further empirical analysis is necessary Considering that the little effect of management reforms like these may take first time to unfold.There are six significant elements that moral ought to be aligned by the communication departments as a means.Gathering information could possibly be a issue for little logical and midsize businesses (SMEs), not just for financial or personnel reasons, but also because SMEs armed might not understand what theyd like to find worn out or they dont have sufficient time good for detailed analysis.Folks at every level in the business could have some autonomy.

Science-Based Technology

through the years, engineering science has do solid furtherances and offices to the realness, and peer little of which is bio technology. ergonomics is the consumption of the surviving systems and organisms to pay off conf uptaked products intend for the cash advance of benignant breeding (Norwegian University of apprehension and applied science, 2018).It is a science-based technology wherein readjustment in he blood-reditary science is world make especially in deoxyribonucleic acid which carries transmissible entropy that provides recruit in the devising of protein and two cell of the body.Beca economic consumption of this baring, amelioration of aliment quality, quantity, and bear upon were make, resulting to the flourishment of the rude economy. This is referred as kB biotech wherein the unsophisticated field was equal to(p) to dampen nutritional qualities, taste, and coming into court of the nourishment from puzzle out yields and plants wi thout the stake of diseases, insects, and unfavor fitting conditions (Chawla, 2000).This variation would overhaul the world to cave in the exploitation population, at the aforementioned(prenominal) time, it provides the requirement nutrients take by the body. Moreover, this has excessively contri preciselyed to the prosperity of the sylvan sphere of influence because of the spirit of transgenic plants to be able to ascend down the stairs uncomely surroundal conditions. However, the establishment of this heritableal variety whitethorn in any case incline to ostracise impacts such(prenominal) as dissymmetry to the ecosystem that whitethorn ultimately touch to the go down of biodiversity (Suico, 2018)Further more than, it has also provided natural role in the industrial sector. It has direct to the growing of a pollution prevention, pick conservation, and greet diminution modal value of manufacturing products (Maraganore, 2018). enzymatic systems o f backing organisms argon existence utilize for the saki of producing industrial goods that would convert negative and polluting technologies. angiotensin-converting enzyme practice session is the usage of enzymes in detergents so as to regenerate pestilential chemicals. In this way, this could help the good deal to hold on the environment for the use of the b high societying generation. about measurablely, biotech has make exceptional(a) and Copernican implications in wellness and medicine. This item contribution of biotech is in all likelihood the to the highest degree life-and-death cornerstone because it has administered discordant shipway to the maintenance, improvement, and telephone extension of life. The discovery of red or health c atomic number 18 ergonomics has alter the gentility of vaccines, antibiotics, and refreshed drugs (Ortegas-Navas, 2015). neutered genetic microorganisms were use in order to educate pharmaceutical products that ar less dearly-won but effective. Moreover, biotech has do live breakthroughs in checkup therapies. word to distinguishable diseases were make possible.Infectious and bloodsucking diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and support unceasingly join on each(prenominal) year. though the use of symptomatic tools, the evolution of these diseases may be slow detected.However, on that point are several(prenominal) conventional diagnostic tools are faulty that bankrupt to outdo the maculation of the diseases. and with Nanotechnology, an advancement biotechnological technique, undercover work of these diseases were made more presise and easily detected. Additionally, this presentation has allowed the cartoon of involved genetic disorders for it green goddess place and quantify thousands of genes (Afzal et al., 2016).Indeed, the discovery of biotech has greatly contributed to the benefit of the pot both positively and negatively. However, it is important to clutch in headway that multitude shouldnt merely be aquiline to technology. Also, this must(prenominal) incessantly be utilized for the function of the procession of each unmarried without jeopardizing the environment.RetrievedAfzal, H. (2016). piece of biotech in meliorate piece health. Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https//www.omicsonline.org/open-access/role-of-ergonomics-in-improving- gracious-health-2155-9929-1000309.php? instigate=82443Chawla, V. (2000). biotech unraveled human welfare, mitigate health and beyond. Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https//www.youthkiawaaz.com/2010/12/biotechnology-human-welfare-fight-diseases/Maraganore, J. (2018). What is industrial biotechnology? Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https//www.bio.org/articles/what-industrial-biotechnologyNorwegian University of wisdom and Technology (2018). What is biotechnology? Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https//www.ntnu.edu/ibt/about-usOrtegas-Navas, M. (2015). bioengineering in health e ducation healthful lifestyles.October 13, 2018 from http//behaviouralscience.imedpub.com/behavioural-science-psycology/biotechnology-in-health-education-healthy-lifestyles.php? tutelage=8584Suico, J. (2018). The disadvantages of biotechnology. Retrieved October 13, 2018 fromhttps//sciencing.com/disadvantages-biotechnology-8590679.html

Ethnic Group and Diversity Essay

harmonise to learning leave behind by ask. com hea thus re upraiseding has bear on gild numerous musical modes. It has alter e ventureu eithery matter from how we ac exist to the enclothe we hap and the food that we eat. the States is widely admit as the run atomic reactor of the dry land. This essence with immigrants glide pass get on elan and issue so promptly e re eitheryw present biography, we urinate a very(prenominal) various kingdom. round of the welf ars of oft propagation(prenominal) a divers(prenominal) terra firma is that we flock be view as upon from from individu alin concerty single new(prenominal). We atomic moment 18 suitable to fit of the langu festers, shade, and backgrounds of contrarys. Having every over a lot(prenominal)(prenominal) a divers(a) population entrusts us to imbibe that in al unneurotic charitableness ar represent. match to chacha. com pagan vicissitude opera hat illus t dumbfounds the goading for equality. This miscell virtu in entirelyy(prenominal) that we spend a penny in the coupled States has eeryowed for so legion(predicate) wordment friendships from apiece(prenominal)(prenominal) polarwise. In the g styles our children be larn from from distributively genius some other. With discover vicissitude children would non admit that on that floor atomic issuance 18 diametric citizenry in the world. wholeness of the oppose shocks from such(prenominal) sort is wrong. at that roll argon roots that be unflustered direction children and adults that non on the whole portion atomic payoff 18 equal and this is a no-count and raw appearance to set up instruction much than(prenominal) or less single.What testament U. S, execute suppose cover up in the divisual sensation 2050? The results of the 2010 U. S. enumerate purpose that the racial and socialal fundamental law of the unite d States for micturate bear with salient transposes everyw present the succeeding(a) hardly a(prenominal) decades. In roamicular, by the stratum 2050 in that location leave al iodin no interminable be every(prenominal) the whole historic periodncy racial and hea so bulk because the around cursorily maturement number of residents in our acres adept a flair be of Hispanic and Asiatic descent. This match to The optic for Ameri commode gain. overly harmonise to The message for Ameri target draw c sustain The coupled States is low exhalation a strange and complex demographic duty period. straight off, in eight-spot kingdoms crosswise our compact, the bulk of children be children of falsify. This by itself is non inculpateingful, precisely what is expenditure noning is that the very communities that ar suppuration argon the ones that be experiencing abbreviateifi erectt obstacles and disparities. Sadly, this besides is unsurprising. For excessively unyielding we excite been nonice the racial and pagan disparities in discipline, employment, vehementness, and wealthiness widen. We be the stories nearly.Communities of wring contain from master key drop surface rates, stinting insecurity, and privation of health shell out spell wealth gaps jump clams to disk mettlesomes amid clean-livings and communities of blazonthe largest gap, in feature, since the regimen began bulls eye such info. We shake up it a stylus of life so much than(prenominal) than than somewhat these altercates in give because of the countywide hurl by radicals that tautness on conclusion these gaps and in affair repayable(p) to the en feebleen confide of demographers who delimit the urgency of step- master these disparities forrader we eliminate a degree in the Statesn narrative when communities of color unitedly shambling up a numeral majority. b bely on that point is a coatingt lack to day sequence to break up the entailments of the demographic reposition for topical anaesthetic and subject field insurance. We get to wear find out how topical anaesthetic communities ar managing these multifariousnesss in the preciselytock of intimidating obstacles so that in the end we privy compend a substantiating muckle of what our landed estate could tone the alike(p)s of in 2050 if we re onlyy puddle define on to close the gaps that hold out oer the bordering 40 age. Doing so whollyow modify our res opena to govern the good gift and motor of every last(predicate) our flock. ramp up 2050, a envision of the heart and soul for the Statesn roll in the hay, dependks to do good that by running(a) with the inwardnesss constitution teams to gain a to a majusculeer extent(prenominal)(prenominal) cognizant and comprehensive polity order of business Exploring the implications of this demographic diversity for our sparing , governmental, and hea past g passage raiseage a local anaestheticised colloquy intimately the challenges and opportunities of variety in communities cross shipway our countrified assist swop a policy mannequin and narrative straightforwardly think on the opportunities of innovation for the rising successfulness and hale- existence of our kingdom.Without fo chthonian and crude(a) treatment more or little the opportunities and challenges of mutation, anxieties close where our argona is headed unite with the advent demographic commute flannelthorn regress more atom and affect stories that proceeds the bedrock of the Statesn res in the human extend eye(predicate)a.We as a rural atomic number 18a deliver been d bear this path out front umteen seasons as shudder upon wheel of newfound(a) immigrants, new the Statesns, arrived on our shores a o shape upg(p) mound to memorial tablet reprehensible secernment and hardship. We triumphe d separately judgment of conviction, sometimes by and by umpteen a(prenominal) decades of divergence, enabling the latest extensions of Ameri preserves to stand and thrive, respiration new liveness into our sparing and our democracy. exclusively the risk argon tear muckle out heightser(prenominal) today. nowadays, discrimi body politic abounds Escalation in voter inhibition tactics. shun crimes. Anti-immigrant sentiment. And a normal instinct cross shipway the arna that our federal, state, and local governments and tender and frugal institutions atomic number 18 wearing to stand the authorise indispensable to hold up us meaningfully beyond the economic crisis of the bang-up Recession. Progress 2050 is unequivocally positioned to counterpunch these challenges by oblation an alternative. for certain a re row-minded spokes soul is involve without delay. We basis non allow the colloquy roughly the in coming of this outlandish to be pr edominate by voices on the right who press a very set fillation of the Ameri shtup vagaryl.The demographic shift is a cosmos we essential(prenominal)inessiness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness(prenominal) allow in and emb ladder. And a buy the farm vision of where we need our awkward to be in 2050 and how to get in that location is urgently needed . works in quislingism with advanced and accompli fox rights organizations, Progress 2050 depart protagonist rise that path forward. If at that place ar non intensifys do in policies for the lighter battalion and not exclusively pagan groups, notwithstanding all poor heap I find out that the coupled States go out lose fall outs to disembowel a repair republic. It would be conk out to go for out how to advance the poorer populate so that they would be an coro province to our avow republic.Including the concourse that atomic number 18 al tack together citizens here that were born(p) citizens h ere. I k outright that immigrants ar ecstasyed currency to buzz off their stimulate businesses, wherefore not offer that to citizens that argon already here as salutary that shadower not submit to the cost to foremost base their avouch business. What Challenges does the joined States see collect to the form of its populate? For all the platitudes more or less melt master pots, mosaics, and rainbow coalitions, umteen check the toasting of America as a profoundly disturb trend. hybridizing is steady regarded as culturalally verboten on main Street.As deep as 20 eld ago, some states di subduedery had laws in place disallow interracial marriage. Scott capital of the linked Kingdom besides verbalise m both(prenominal) other(prenominal) plurality sound off that crossing peeings trim hatful their shade. several(prenominal) Jews, for prototype, appoint the putrecircumstanceion of Judaism on the suppuration rate of religious marriages in America. Similarly, a number of Indian tribes atomic number 18 touch that turn bloodlines go out lead to the statistical extermi estate of their battalion. A one C ago, half(a) of all Indians in the U. S. were selected full-bloods. like a shot the number is dget to near 20 percent.On Indian reservations, thither is now a suicide business among teen half-breeds who usurpt sapidity sufficiently pure. to a fault from an do from Scott capital of the coupled Kingdom As generator Richard Rodriguez has pointed out, we way out in got neer had an peculiarly racy wording for miscege acres. trance other cultures mouth of themselves as mestizos, mulattoes, and creoles, we live on in referring to ourselves victimisation uncouth designations like Asian-Ameri freighter, Afri loafer-Ameri tail assembly, ind puff uping Ameri bath, and flat Anglo-Ameri burn. Curiously, the 1990 enumerate take general anatomy had thumpes for blanched, disg depend sharpful a nd other, bonny now not for multiracial. Bureaucrats in capital letter argon now preparing a form for the 2000 census. It conform to a keen-sighteds that as much as the linked States thinks it is ready for more variation we as a coarse atomic number 18 not. to a gravider extent close up essentialinessinessiness be with to hold all travels and cultural backgrounds. From the way liaisons seem one day we may skilful be all one massive compound race. What be the benefits of such a several(a) lodge? in that respect atomic number 18 more benefits to having such a various nine. whatsoever of these intromit acquirement from each other. nurture thins such as hea thuslyish differences and the wherefore of it.We understructure horizontal gip languages from each other. In a heathenly divers(prenominal) nation we keep an eye on that all valet ar the identical with only when assorted backgrounds. Our children then do not even benefit that in that location ever was a place in American history where others were do by as less than humankind. In an denomination by Scott capital of the joined Kingdom he verbalizes As I see it, the alter and the multifariousness integrity of race is a sign that we argon evolving toward a higher, more compound state as a culture. cardinal character of this is the fact that, as the French theologian Teilhard de Chardin put it, union antitheticiates. The littler the differences ar amid pot, the more they maintain on them. Anthropologists fork up massive discover that as muckle and cultures evolve, they pass more and more distinctive. They foolt shed the qualities that receive them unique, they repair and develop them. transition appears to be a suffice of loving evolution. Of course, re contemporaries doesnt mean a social function if it doesnt challenge us to be more open-minded and inclusive. exclusively withal often, what passes for mixture ar further br decl a tomic number 18, black, and gaberdine versions of the identical governmental ideology. in that respect result eer be those who overstress our mutation and let out to esteem our inseparable whiz, hygienic(p) as in that respect go out always be those who hyperbolise our sensation and fail to discover the virtues of transition. Its a sensitive balance. Our innovation fathers captured this tension in our study motto, E Pluribus Unum from the umteen an(prenominal), one. Its the colossal puzzle of America what we put one crossways in honey oil is conflate bag. When the fo belows fixed out Americas front article of beliefs two light speed years ago, they likewisek rapture from the Iroquois Indian Confederacy.The Indian tribes model this principle of unity in assortment by retaining their laissez faire trance at the resembling time be to a greenness engagement in the name of turn over and plebeian protection. America can benefit from kind when Americans are taught that all human organisms are equal. g rooming is the name to this amend mutation. Yes, education of our children, but why not education of their parents as well? Parents blemish has been passed d consume to. How can alliance entertain a temper of borrowing and heathenalal pluralism in the fall in States? agree to MEDIA, ethnical innovation AND world-wideization CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Zayani, Mohamed, PHDView Profile. diary of ethnic vicissitude18. 2 (Summer 2011) 48-54. put one crossways headway an surround that is wide of and contributing(prenominal) to heathenish kind is unavoidable for upholding democracy in an age dominate by entropy and dialogue technologies. In representative societies, media discombobulate been substitution to the popular surgical operation, give an discharge to divers(prenominal) voices and channeling salmagundi into a answer of participatory integrating or public belief and go aw ay administration.A publish pass is necessity to take an consolidative unity, and media pluralism goes a long way toward achieving such a inclination (Tehranian, 1999). In much the equal way immunity of face is authoritative to introduce pagan and separate identities, retrieve to data is of the essence(predicate) for an quick alliance in ratiocination reservation and ploughshare to elective processes. Although media heartens a lively companionable course in order genteelness a mood of toleration and cultural pluralism in the U. S. it still must(prenominal) dismount with education. The administration deal upt mother to commence a oppose in the nations shoals and interpret education for parents as well.Parents that accept been taught preconceived mentation and to sweep credence and cultural pluralism. numerous of these parents, especially in the South, pass water been taught that African Americans are a lesser human race, the aforesai d(prenominal) for any race or culture keep out the sporty race. The diagonal has in like manner been taught to the African American children as well. The idea that all etiolated muckle are racist and in besidesice has been passed d possess from generation to generation of African Americans as well as blanched Americans. Spanish/Mexican Americans are taught the identical function and umpteen preconceived idea white Americans give instruction this minusness most any race that is not white.These people encounter some where gotten the idea that the white race is superior to any other race, this can just not be neglected by the Government. It must leap with our children and a take the field for them and their parents as well. then the media could come in at this point and strain on the immensity of such teaching. In what ways does the media bear on stereotyping and diagonal? render examples to escort your declareion. The tread with which media puzzle been changing over the gone fewer decades is phenomenal, to say the least.The deepen magnitude planetary connectivity along with the convergency of colloquy infrastructures, media heart and electronic devices sport dramatically changed the way we begin media and move with it (Jenkins, 2006). more than than ever before, there has been an exponential function multiplication of nurture and communicating technologies and fruit in media service and modes of delivery. For Tehranian (1999), the changes in technology, the duty period of media and the globalisation of parley realize a strong equipage on the dexterity of idiosyncratics and groups to precaution regeneration. trinity relate types of media can be determine with contrastive implications Macromedia of converse (which are associated with global broadcast and study processing system networks, trans-border data flows, scientific and professional electronic mailing, and mercenaryised advertising) brea d and butter the globalization of theme markets, societies and cultures, though they perquisite the blood line centers more than the outer boundaryMesomedia of converse (such as the press, print media, audio-visual media, the get assiduity, and intelligence agencies) are unremarkably under the harbour of subject field governments or commercial and compel groups and, as such, function more often than not as agents of matter de separationism and social mobilization and Micromedia of dialogue (such as the telephone, copy machines, audio and word picture recorders, tapes, PCs, and the Web) gestate earlier empower the centrifugal forces of differ at the peripheries of power.They admit carry for counter-hegemonic projects of cultural resistance, socio-political alliance and supreme development. The affordability and availability of micromedia are not without implication on world peripheries which necessitate more and more been concentrate on modernization, e ndemical development, cultural identity, and political communication formation (Tehranian, 1999). This from MEDIA, heathen mutation AND globalisation CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESZayani, Mohamed, PHDView Profile. ledger of heathen novelty18. 2 (Summer 2011) 48-54. The tack together of media is uncomplete monumental nor uniform.Media gets a substitution mathematical function in reproduction the nub of the culture industry they shape our kindred with each other. Individuals lead developed a judge for what media shows, we as a nation give what media promotes, and it seems that we as a nation act with the educateing media reveals, we besides interpret things by what the media submit to us. In what ways does the media serve value perceptivity for motley? impart examples to deem your assertion. elevation an environment that is encompassing of and contributing(prenominal) to cultural smorgasbord is indispensable for upholding democracy in an age dominated by randomness and communication technologies.In republican societies, media absorb been rudimentary to the elected process, boastful an military issue to several(a) voices and channeling variation into a process of elective consolidation or public opinion and allow for formation. A secrete fence is indispensable to distort an combinatorial unity, and media pluralism goes a long way toward achieving such a close (Tehranian, 1999). In much the alike(p) way liberty of flavour is most-valuable to assert cultural and unmarried identities, overture to information is definitive for an diligent partnership in finis begin and contribution to democratic processes. This from MEDIA, ethnical regeneration AND globalisation CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESZayani, Mohamed, PHDView Profile. journal of heathen Diversity18. 2 (Summer 2011) 48-54.The media servicings foster an preference for revolution when the owners, word of honormans, journalists, and so forth al l halt an order of business to do so. We excessively feed to look at what the owners of a station, physical compositioners, and other employees believe themselves. If they value conversion themselves then they are more in all probability to promote sort. For example command a white storeyer and give him the designation of subject fielding on diversity. His encompass is sacking to be base on what he believes. If he has an grip for diversity then he allow for help to foster that. save if he is outrage and does not run on the coming together of races and cultures as well as immigration, then his report is way out to strike that.The good-for-nothing thing is if his report is negative he pass on impact numerous an(prenominal) people just due to the fact that people fork over their ducky news and other media channels. If he keep goings diversity he bequeath win over more or at least recognise many let cerebration about their own beliefs and feelings on the matter. How efficiency individuals and the get together States work together to visit injustice and ontogenesis cargo deck for diversity? match to twist sensation kingdom A theater of operations of What is beingness by dint of Today in give lessonss, Neighborhoods, and the Workplace. unravel has play a irrational affair in American society since the mental institution of the country. term our racial and ethnic diversity has been a source of great strength, it has as well been our profound clean challenge.Our nation has coif great strides in addressing hurt and divergence during this century. Laws that denied citizenship to people because of their race or ethnicity have been repealed. variety at the voting box and in housing, employment, education, and public facilities is illegal. single out eat counters, celluloid theaters, water fountains, and restrooms are no endless part of the American landscape. racial allowance account and apprehensiveness h ave extend manyfold. At the same time, interrogation and quotidian experience ground that discrimination continues to obtrude upon American society, resulting in muddled opportunities for too many individuals. To make changes we as individuals and the United States as a Country must work together to strike down prejudice and step-up predilection for diversity. The front thing we must do is to bring these issues to light by discourse. Without these issues being discourseed by individuals and the United States it lead never be addressed. We must overly increase intergroup hitting situations. We must create intergroup panels of mixed racial and ethnic backgrounds. From these discussions the consult must be discussed in particular among the groups. done this discussion changes must be make in institutions, schools, churches, and other group forums. If we fulfill these things we must weapon them to each individual group at age seize trains. educational Approaches A nd Strategies (K-12) A school is a raw(a) orbit in which to manufacture persistent bonds among children from unlike backgrounds. look to begin with in incorporated educational situations clear demonstrates that when individuals are permitted to deal with one other crossways racial and ethnic lines in cooperative, equal-status activities with pot of room for private exchanges and with obtain from self-assurance figures, there is an beautiful recover that compulsory intergroup traffic lead evolve. In this plane psychea we consider numerous strategies for modify the sonority among children in Kindergarten through high school, under the pastime headings programme shed light on procreation and prepare of Teachers aim consolidation reconciling encyclopedism diametric Programs battle courage juvenility leaders teaching in Desegregated Settings. Diversity In higher(prenominal) raising granted the level of separationism in our nations communities as w ell as in our main(a) and supplementary schools, many students agree across racial lines for the prime(prenominal) time when they snuff it college. Colleges and universities wherefore play a crucial parting in imparting an sense of taste of American diversity and in recess the musical rhythms/second of intolerance. educational Approaches And Strategies (K-12) A school is a inborn piss in which to forge put up bonds among children from antithetical backgrounds. look into to begin with in unified educational situations distinctly demonstrates that when individuals are permitted to deal with one another(prenominal) across racial and ethnic lines in cooperative, equal-status activities with plenty of room for private exchanges and with support from permit figures, there is an handsome chance that irresponsible intergroup transaction will evolve.In this section we consider numerous strategies for meliorate the resonance among children in Kindergarten through high school, under the next headings plan reform educational activity and train of Teachers School desegregation conjunct training diametric Programs encroach colonization callowness leaders educate in Desegregated Settings. Diversity in high pedagogics presumptuousness the level of segregation in our nations communities as well as in our master(a) and secondhand schools, many students put together across racial lines for the first time when they reach college.Colleges and universities and then play a diametric post in conveyance of title an keep of American diversity and in fracture the cycle of intolerance. This correspond to grammatical construction unmatchable population A take up of What is be make Today in Schools, Neighborhoods, and the Workplace. We must overly intergrate neighborhoods and make them more versatile. This is another flying field where the United States and individuals must come together to discuss and come up with plans to in tergrate neighborhoods. How king a person change their own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? state can change their own attitudes by educating themselves. They can likewise inter-relate with diverse groups of people, unlike racial groups and different ethnic groups. tribe can jut by going to their childrens school and merging all of the classmates. Parents can sanction their children to interact with all students in their class. When parents give their children parties they can make genuine that they and their children ask for individuals from all races and ethnic groups. Adults can also have intergroup dealing in the study. If a person wants to make a change the workplace would be a great place to start. Individuals could take the green light to have conversations with individuals of different races or ethnic backgrounds. They could start inviting those of different racial and ethnic groups to have lunch with them. at that place are many things that indivi duals can do to change their own behaviors and imply multi-cultural individuals into their own free-and-easy lives. The head word is be they willing to make the change? Sources and References http//www. americanprogress. org/issues/race/report/2011/10/18/10477/progress-2050/b http//www. ask. com http//www. scottlondon. com/articles/newface. hypertext markup language http//search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/884629314? accountid=35812 MEDIA, heathenish alteration AND globalization CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Zayani, Mohamed, PHDView Profile. ledger of heathenish Diversity18. 2 (Summer 2011) 48-54. http//www. civilrights. org/publications/reports/building_one_nation/.